Aspect Details
Author Traditionally attributed to the prophet Joel, son of Pethuel.
Date The exact date of writing is uncertain. Scholars propose dates ranging from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century BCE, but many favor a post-exilic period (after the Babylonian Exile around 586-516 BCE).
Historical Setting Joel's prophecy takes place during a time of national disaster in Judah, presumably Jerusalem. The central event is a devastating locust plague, which serves as a catalyst for the book's themes.
Political Context If dated to the post-exilic period, Judah was under Persian rule after the fall of the Babylonian Empire. The Jewish community was in the process of rebuilding and reestablishing themselves in the land.
Religious Context The Jewish people were in the process of religious and cultural restoration. There was a renewed focus on the covenant with Yahweh, adherence to the Torah, and rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem.
Main Themes Joel's main themes include the Day of the Lord, repentance, and restoration. The locust plague is seen as a precursor to the judgment day and a call for communal and individual repentance.
Message Joel calls the people to repentance in light of the locust disaster, which he interprets as a divine judgment. He prophesies that repentance will bring divine mercy and restoration. He also speaks of a future outpouring of God's spirit and the ultimate salvation of God's people.
Influence The book of Joel has had a significant influence on later biblical writings and Christian eschatology. The imagery of locusts and themes of the Day of the Lord are echoed in the New Testament, particularly in the Book of Revelation.


Chapter Description
Chapter 1 Joel begins with a description of a devastating locust plague, which is seen as a warning of divine judgment. He calls for repentance and mourning among the people, priests, and farmers.
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 continues with a prophetic vision of an imminent "Day of the Lord," a day of darkness and destruction. Joel calls for earnest repentance, fasting, and prayer. Following true repentance, the Lord promises to restore the land and bless the people, pouring out His Spirit on all flesh.
Chapter 3 In the final chapter, Joel speaks of the future judgment of nations and the ultimate restoration and blessings for God's people. The Lord is portrayed as a refuge and stronghold. The book closes with a vision of a future where Judah and Jerusalem are secure and prosperous.